Glossary of Lay Terms for Use in Informed Consent Forms

Glossary of Lay Terms for Use in Informed Consent Forms

According to federal guidelines, language in Informed Consent Forms should be suitable for subjects, which is generally interpreted to mean language at the 8th grade level. The definitions below are intended to help Principal Investigators with this process.

A very good source for simplified explanations of medical procedures and equipment is MedLine Plus: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/.

Please send any comments or suggestions to ufirb-l@lists.ufl.edu

A B C D E F G H I J K L
M N O P Q R S T U V W – Z Units
Abrasion
Area where skin or other tissue is scraped away
Absorb
Take up fluids, take in
Absorption
The way a drug or other substance enters the body
Acidosis
Condition when blood contains more acid than normal
Acoumeter
Tool used to measure hearing
Acuity
Clearness, keenness, especially of vision – airways
Acute
New, recent, sudden
Adenopathy
Swollen lymph nodes (glands)
Adhesion
Tissue stuck together
Adjuvant treatment
Added treatment
Adjuvant
Helpful, assisting, aiding
Adrenal gland
Gland found over each kidney
Adverse Effect
Unwanted effect
Albuminuria
Protein in the urine
Allergen
A substance that gets into the body and activates the immune system, which produces an allergic reaction.
Allergic Reaction
Rash, trouble breathing
Allergy
Oversensitivity to a substance
Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency
Alpha-1 antitrypsin is a protein that is made in the liver. The liver releases this protein into the bloodstream. Alpha-1 antitrypsin protects the lungs so they can work normally. Without enough alpha-1 antitrypsin, the lungs can be damaged, and this damage may make breathing difficult. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an inherited (passed down from parents) disorder that causes low levels of, or no alpha-1 antitrypsin in the blood.
Ambulate
Walk, able to walk
Amino acid
a substance used by the body to make protein
Amniocentesis
Removal of some of the waters from around an unborn baby for laboratory testing
Analgesic
Drug used to control pain
Anaphylaxis
Serious, potentially life threatening allergic reaction
Anemia
Decreased number of red blood cells
Anesthesia
Loss of sensation or feeling
Anesthetic (general)
A drug or agent used to decrease the feeling of pain or eliminate the feeling of pain by putting you to sleep
Anesthetic (local)
A drug or agent used to decrease the feeling of pain by numbing an area of your body, without putting you to sleep
Anesthetic
Drug is used to produce loss of pain sensation
Angioplasty
Surgery to open up a narrow blood vessel
Anoxia
No oxygen
Antacid
Drug used to decrease acid in the stomach
Antibiotic
Drug used to stop or slow down the growth of germs
Antibody
Type of protein that helps protect the body against foreign matter, such as bacteria and viruses
Antibody
A substance produced by the body to fight infection. A monoclonal antibody is a laboratory-produced antibody that reacts against cancer cells
Antigen
A substance that, when introduced into the body, stimulates the production of an antibody. Antigens include toxins, bacteria, foreign blood cells, and the cells of transplanted organs.
Antihistamine
Drug used to treat allergic reactions
Antimicrobial
Drug that kills bacteria and other germs
Antiseptic
Substance used to stop or slow down the growth of germs
Aphasia
Not able to speak or write and not able to understand spoken or written words
Artery
Type of blood vessel that carries blood and oxygen from the heart to the rest of the body
Arthritis
Inflammation of one or more joints
Asphyxia
Suffocation
Assay
Lab test
Atrioventricular block
a disorder that blocks certain signals in the heart and causes problems in heart rhythm.
Atrophy
Wasting away, or decrease in size, of a body organ
Audiogram
Report of a hearing test
Audiology
The study of hearing
Audiometer
Tool used to measure hearing
Autoantibody
A chemical or molecule (“body”) of protein that attacks (“anti”) healthy cells or tissues (“auto” from the Greek word for “self”).

Return to Top

Bacteria
Types of germs
Benign
Not malignant, usually without serious consequences
Beta blocker
Drug used to slow down the heart
Bilateral
Having to do with both sides of the body
Biopsy
A small amount of tissue removed for laboratory testing
Bolus
An amount given all at once
Bone marrow
Soft tissue inside bones that makes blood cells
Bone Mass
The amount of calcium in a given amount of bone
Bradyarrhythmias
Slow irregular heart beats
Bradycardia
Slow heartbeat
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchi
Bronchospasm
Breathing distress caused by narrowing of the airways
Bronchus
Tube that carries air from the windpipe to the lungs
Bulimia
Eating disorder in which a person cannot stop eating and often vomits to make room for more food

Return to Top

Calcipenia
Low in calcium
Cancer radiotherapy
Treatment of cancer using X rays
Capillary
Tiny blood vessel
Carbohydrate
The body’s primary source of energy and, along with fat and protein, one of the three major nutrients in the human diet. There are different types of carbohydrate, starches and sugars, and they are found in breads, cereals, rice, pasta, fruits, milk, and yogurt and sweets.
Carcinogenic
Capable of causing cancer
Carcinoma
Type of cancer
Cardiac
Having to do with the heart
Cardioversion
Restoration of normal heart beat by electric shock
Carpal bones
Wrist bones
Cataract
Clouding of the lens of the eye
Catheter
A very thin tube usually about the size of a needle inserted through the skin into a vein for withdrawing or giving fluids or medicine.
Cell
The basic subunit of any living organism; the simplest unit that can exist as an independent living system.
Cephalalgia
Headache
Cerebellum
The part of the brain that controls the movement of the muscles
and helps maintain balance
Cerebral
trauma
Damage to the brain
Chemotherapy
Treatment of disease, usually cancer, by chemical agents
Chloasma
Tumor arising from the skin and other organs
Chromosome
See genetic information.
Chronic
Lasting a long time
Clavicle
Collarbone
Clinical trial
An experiment with patients
Clinical
Pertaining to medical care or based on medical observation or treatment
Complete response
Total disappearance of disease
Consolidation
Treatment phases intended to make a remission Phase permanent, follows induction
Contraindications
Medical reasons that prevent a person from using a certain drug or treatment
Contrast agent
A substance injected as part of certain scanning procedures. A contrast agent is like a dye and makes certain parts of the body show up better when a scan is done.
Control
A condition or procedure that is compared with a research treatment or procedure.
Controlled trial
Study in which the experimental procedures are compared to a standard (accepted) treatment or procedure
Contusion
Bruise
Cooperative Group
Association of multiple institutions to perform clinical trials
Cornea
Clear tissue covering the front part of the eye
Coronary
Pertains to the blood vessels that supply the heart
CT Scan (CAT)
Computerized series of x-rays
Culture
Test for infection or organisms that could cause infection
Cumulation
Increased action of a drug when given over a period of time
Cytoid
Like a cell
Cytokine
This is a type of compound made by the body as part of its immune function. A cytokine is produced by certain cells when they come into contact with threatening substances in the body such as bacteria.

Return to Top

Decubitus
Lying down. D. Ulcer
Bed sore; pressure sore
Demographic
Information about your lifestyle and general characteristics
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Material that makes up the genes
Depressant
Drug that slows down the action of the central nervous system
Diabetes Mellitus
A disease that occurs when the body is not able to use sugar as it should. The body needs sugar for growth and energy for daily activities. It gets sugar when it changes food into glucose (a form of sugar). A hormone called insulin is needed for the glucose to be taken up and used by the body. Diabetes occurs when the body cannot make use of the glucose in the blood for energy because either the pancreas is not able to make enough insulin or the insulin that is available is not effective. The beta cells in areas of the pancreas called the islets of Langerhans usually make insulin.
Diastolic
Lower number in blood pressure reading
Distal
Toward the end, away from the center of the body
Diuretic
Water pill or drug that causes increase in urination
DNA (“deoxyribonucleic acid”)
The part of the all cells that contains all the information about what the cell is and what it does. It is composed of proteins that are grouped in different ways. It is generally pictured as a long ladder that is twisted like a spiral.
Doppler
Sound waves
Double-blind trial
Test or experiment in which neither investigators nor subjects know which drug the subject is receiving
Duct
Tube that carries a body fluid
Dysplasia
Abnormal cells
Dyspnea
Shortness of breath; breathlessness; airway obstruction; difficulty breathing; winded; trouble breathing

Return to Top

Echocardiogram
Sound wave test of the heart. There are no known harmful effects. Images are obtained with a small device about the size of a bar of soap (“transducer”) that is attached by a cord to a computer. A slippery gel is spread over the area being examined, and the small device is pressed firmly against the skin and moved across the area being examined.
Edema
Swelling from fluid collecting in the body at certain places.
Efficacy
Effectiveness, how well something works
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Picture of the electrical action of the heart
Electrode
A small device that detects electrical activity in your body
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Picture of brain wave activity
Electrolyte imbalance
The amount of minerals in the blood are not at normal levels
Embolus
Blood clot
Emesis
Vomiting
Empiric
Based on experience
Endorphin
Substance made by the body to stop pain
Endoscopic
Examination of an internal part of the body with a lighted tube
Enteral
By way of the intestines
Enzyme
A substance produced by the body to assist in breaking down chemicals.
Epidermal
Having to do with the outer layer of skin
Epidermis
Outer layer of skin
Epidural
Outside of the spinal cord
Epidural Catheter
A very thin tube usually about the size of a needle inserted through the skin near the spinal cord to give anesthesia, a painkilling or numbing medication.
Erythema
Redness of the skin that is often a sign of infection or inflammation (irritation).
Esophagus
The passageway between the mouth and the stomach, or “food pipe.”
Expedited review
Review of a study by an IRB chair or vice-chair instead of the full Board, which is permitted with research considered to be no greater than minimal risk.
Extravasate
To leak outside of a blood vessel

Return to Top

FDA
U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the branch of federal government that approves new drugs
Fibrillation
Irregular beat of the heart or other muscle

Return to Top

Gangrene
Decay of tissue caused by lack of blood supply, and usually following injury or disease.
Gene
A small part of the information in DNA that is passed on during reproduction of all living things. Genes determine certain characteristics, such as eye color or the likelihood of having certain health problems. Also, if genes change in an abnormal way, health problems like cancer can occur. Alternative: A gene is the code present in each cell in your body and controls the behavior of that cell.
General Anesthesia
A state of unconsciousness, which is carefully controlled by the anesthesiologist with a mixture of very potent drugs, to prevent or lessen pain.
Genetics or genetic information
All cells contain a group of substances, including DNA, chromosomes, and genes, that shape identity and can be passed on to other cells. For example, these substances determine the pattern of your fingerprints and the color of your eyes. The study of this is called genetics.
Glucose Tolerance Test
A test to see if a person has diabetes. The test is given in a lab or doctor’s office in the morning before the person has eaten. A first sample of blood is taken from the person. Then the person drinks a liquid that has glucose (sugar) in it. After one hour, a second blood sample is drawn, and, after another hour, a third sample is taken. The object is to see how well the body deals with the glucose in the blood over time.
Glucose
A simple sugar found in the blood. It is the body’s main source of energy; also known as dextrose.
Gynecologist
Doctor who treats disorders of the sex organs of women
Gynecology
The study of the reproductive system of women

Return to Top

Hematocrit
Amount of red blood cells in the blood
Hematologist
Doctor who treats blood disorders
Hematoma
A bruise, a black-and-blue mark
Hemodynamic
Measurements of blood flow
Hemoglobin
The iron-containing respiratory pigment in red blood cells
Hemolysis
Breakdown in red blood cells
Heparin lock
Needle placed in the arm with blood thinner to keep the blood from clotting
Hepatoma
Cancer or tumor of the liver
Holter Monitor
A portable machine for recording heart beat
Hypercalcemia
High blood calcium level
Hyperkalemia
High blood potassium level
Hypernatremia
High blood sodium level
Hyperopia
Farsightedness
Hypertension
High blood pressure
Hypocalcemia
Low blood calcium level
Hypodermic
Under the skin
Hypoglycemia
Not enough sugar in the blood
Hypokalemia
Low blood potassium level
Hyponatremia
Low blood sodium level
Hypotension
Low blood pressure
Hypothermia
Low body temperature
Hypoxemia
A decrease of oxygen in the blood
Hypoxia
A decrease of oxygen in the blood

Return to Top

Iatrogenic
Caused by a physician or by treatment
IDE
Investigational devise exemption, the license to test an unapproved new medical device
Idiopathic
Of unknown cause
Idiosyncrasy
Rare side effect of a drug; unusual reaction of a person to a drug
Immunoglobulin
A protein that makes antibodies
Immunosuppressive
Drug that suppresses the body’s immune response
Immunotherapy
Giving of drugs to help the body’s immune (protective) system; usually used to destroy cancer cells
Implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD)
A type of pacemaker, which is a small electrical device implanted in the chest to regulate heart rhythm. The ICD includes a battery and one or two wires going to the heart. The ICD continuously senses heart rhythm and uses electricity to keep it from beating too fast or too slow.
IND
Investigational new drug, the license to test an unapproved new drug
Induction Phase
Beginning phase or stage of a treatment
Induration
Hardening
Infarct
Death of tissue because of lack of blood supply
Inflammation
Swelling, redness, and pain in tissues caused by injury or damage
Influenza
The flu
Infusion
Introduction of a substance into the body, usually into the blood
Ingestion
Eating; taking by mouth
Intramuscular (IM) injection
Injection of a substance into a muscle (e.g., upper arm or backside)
Intramuscular
Into the muscle; within the muscle
Intrathecal
Into the spinal fluid
Intravenous (IV) injection
Injection of a substance into a vein
Intravenous (IV)
Through the vein
Intravesical
In the bladder
Intubate
The placement of a tube into the airway
Invasive Procedure
Puncture, opening or cutting of the skin
Ischemia
Decreased oxygen in a tissue (usually because of decreased blood flow)
Isotope
A “family” of atoms (smallest unit of physical matter) that differ only by the number of neutrons in them. Isotopes are used to obtain measurements of substances in the body.

Return to Top

J-K
No entries at this time

Return to Top

Lactating
Making milk
Lateral
Toward or having to do with the side of the body
Lesion
Abnormal area of tissue, such as a wound, sore, rash, or boil
Leukopenia
Low white blood cell count
Libido
Sexual desire
Lipid Content
Fat content in the blood
Lipid
Fat
Local Anesthesia
Creation of insensitivity to pain in a small, local area of the body
Localized
Restricted to one area, limited to one area
Lumen
The cavity of an organ or tube (e.g., Blood vessel)
Lymph node
Small gland found throughout the body, but most often under or behind joints, that removes bacteria and foreign particles. There is some evidence that cancer cells can be spread
Lymph
system
The lymphatic system, which helps to remove such things as bacteria from the body, consists of a special fluid that contains white blood cells and that travels to small glands throughout the body through special lymphatic vessels. Although the lymph system is part of the body’s immune system, there is evidence that cancer can spread in the body when they get into the lymph system.
Lymphangiography
An x-ray of the lymph nodes or tissues after injecting dye into lymph vessels (for example, in feet)
Lymphocyte
A type of white blood cell important in immunity and defense against infection
Lymphoma
Cancerous growth made up of lymph tissue

Return to Top

Macro-
Describes something that is large or long
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
The use of magnetic waves to look at soft tissues of the body
Malaise
A vague feeling of bodily discomfort, feeling bad
Malignancy
Cancer or other progressively enlarging and spreading tumor, usually fatal if not successfully treated
Mastectomy
Surgery to remove a breast
Medulloblastoma
A type of brain tumor
Megaloblastosis
Change in red blood cells
Metabolism
The physical and chemical changes that take place in the body.
Metabolize
Process of breaking down substances in the cells to obtain energy
Metastasis
Spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another
MI
Myocardial infraction
Micro-
Describes something that is small or delicate
Minimal
Slight
Minimize
Reduce
ML
Change to teaspoonfuls or tablespoonfuls; 5 (4.929) ml = 1 teaspoonful; 15 (14.787) ml = 1 tablespoon.
Mobility
Ease of movement
Monitor
Check on, keep track of, watch carefully
Morbidity
Illness or medical problem
Mortality
Death or death rate
Motility
Ability to move
MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging. Body pictures created by using magnetic energy rather than x-ray energy. To have the scan, you will lie on a table that slides into the scanner, which is like a large tube.
MSv
1 mSv = 100 mrem = 100 days of exposure to radiation given off by the environment (“background exposure”).
Mucoid
Slimy
Mucosa
Moist lining of spaces in the body related to the organs involved in eating, breathing, reproducing, and removing waste from the body.
MUGA (Multinucleated Gated Angiography)
A scan that gives information on heart function; it requires an injection into the vein of a tiny amount of radioactive dye that can be seen by the scanner.
Multiple Project Assurance
Agreement between institutions and Office for Protection from Research Risks (OPRR) regarding institutional policies on the use of human subjects in research.
Myocardial infarction
Heart attack
Myocardial
Pertaining to the heart
Myopia
Nearsightedness

Return to Top

Nasogastric
tube
Tube that goes through the nose and into the stomach
NCI
The National Cancer Institute
Necrosis
Death of tissue or skin
Neoplasia
Tumor, may be benign or malignant
Neuroblastoma
A cancer of nerve tissue
Neurological
Nervous system.
Neurologist
Doctor who treats disorders of the central nervous system and nerves
Neurosis
Mental and emotional disorder
Neutropenia
Decrease in the main part of the white blood cells
Neutrophil
A type of white blood cell that destroys germs that cause infections
NIH
The National Institute of Health
Non-Invasive
Not breaking, cutting or entering the skin
Nosocomial pneumonia
Pneumonia acquired in the hospital
Nyctalopia
Difficulty seeing at night

Return to Top

Obesity
Extremely overweight
Occlusion
Closing; obstruction
OHRP
The Office for Human Research Protection: Oversees research with humans to be sure that the Federal regulations are followed.
Oncology
The study of tumors or cancer
Ophthalmic
Pertaining to the eye
Ophthalmologist
Doctor who treats eye disorders
Optic nerve
The nerve that carries information from the eye to the brain.
Optimal
Best, most useful,
Oral administration
Giving a drug by mouth
Orthodontist
Dentist who treats teeth and jaw disorders
Orthopedic
Pertaining to the bones
Orthopedist
Doctor who treats bone and joint disorders
Osteopetrosis
Rare bone disorder characterized by dense bone
Osteoporosis
Softening of the bones
Otologist
Doctor who treats disorders of the ear
Otorhinolaryngologist
Doctor who treats disorders of the ear, nose, and throat
Otoscope
Tool used to look into the ear
Ovaries
Female sex glands

Return to Top

Palliation
To relieve symptoms/effects of the disease.
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas, a small gland behind the stomach that secretes substances such as insulin.
Pap test
Microscope test used to detect virus infection of the cervix or cancer of the vagina, cervix, or lining of the uterus
Parenteral
Giving a substance by injection either into a vein or a muscle
Patency
Condition of being open
Pathogenesis
Causative mechanism in a disease
Pathogenic
Causing disease
PER OS (PO)
By mouth
Percutaneous
Through the skin
Petechiae
Tiny red spots in the skin. They result from red blood leaking from capillaries into the skin.
Phalanx
Finger or toe bone
Pharmacokinetics
The study of the way the body absorbs, distributes, and gets rid of the drug
Pharynx
Throat
Phase I
Initial study of a new drug in humans to determine limits of tolerance
Phase II
Second phase of study of a new drug intended to obtain information on usefulness and safety
Phase III
Large scale trials to confirm and expand information on safety and usefulness of a new drug
Phlebitis
Irritation or inflammation of the vein
Placebo Effect
Phenomenon of improvement seen with the administration of a placebo
Placebo
A substance of no medical value; an inactive substance
Platelets
Small particles in the blood that help with clotting
Podiatrist
Foot doctor
Polydipsia
Too much thirst
Polymalgia rheumatica
Severe pain and stiffness in the muscles of areas such as the neck, chest, and hips.
Postpartum
After childbirth
Potentiate
Increase or multiply the effect of a drug or toxin by administration of another drug or toxin at the same time
Potentiator
An agent that helps another agent work better
PRN
As needed
Proctologist
Doctor who treats disorders of the rectum and anus
Prognosis
Outlook, probable outcomes
Prone
Lying on the stomach
Prophylaxis
A drug given to prevent disease or infection
Prospective Study
Study following patients forward in time
Prosthesis
Artificial body part
Protein
A compound made by the body that is used in many different functions, such as immunity and digestion.
Protocol
Plan of study
Proximal
Nearest
Pruritus
Itchiness
Psychologist
Doctor who treats disorders of the mind, thought, and behavior
Psychosis
Severe mental disorder
Psychosomatic
Having a connection between the mind and physical symptoms
Pulmonary neoplasm
Lung tumor
Pulmonary
Having to do with the lungs

Return to Top

Quality of life
How satisfied you are with your life in terms of how you feel and what you are able to do day to day.

Return to Top

Radiation Therapy
X-ray or cobalt treatment
Random
By chance, like the flip of a coin
Randomization
Chance selection
RBC
Red blood cell
Recombinant
New combinations of genes
Reconstitution
Putting back together the original parts or elements
Refractory
Not responding to treatment
Regeneration
Regrowth of a structure or of lost tissue
Rehabilitation
Training and education to recover lost skills or learn new ones to compensate for the loss
Relapse
The return of a disease
Remission
Disappearance of evidence of cancer or other disease
Renal
Having to do with the kidney
Replicable
Possible to duplicate
Resect
Remove or cut out surgically
Retina
The light-sensitive lining around the inside of the eye that is connected to the optic nerve.
Retrospective study
Study looking back over past experience
Retrospective
Looking back over past experience

Return to Top

Sarcoma
A type of cancer
Scapula
Shoulder blade
Sedative
A drug to calm or make less anxious
Seminoma
A type of testes cancer
Sensor
Device that receives a signal, similar to a transistor radio but usually very small.
Sequentially
In a row
Serum
Clear liquid part of blood
Shock
A reaction of the body to severe physical or emotional injury that affects the whole body. Shock causes a decrease in all vital processes such as blood flow, breathing and heart function, and, especially, a large decrease in blood pressure.
Shunt
Artificial or natural channel running between two other channels
Single-blind trial
Test or experiment in which the person giving treatment, but not the patient, knows which treatment the patient is receiving
Sleep apnea
Breathing problems while sleeping
Somatic
Having to do with the body
Spirometer
An instrument to measure the amount of air taken into and exhaled from the lungs
Staging
A determination of the extent of the disease
Stenosis
Narrowing of a duct, tube, or one of the valves in the heart
Sternum
Breastbone
Stomatitis
Mouth sores – inflammation of the mouth
Stratify
Arrange in groups for analysis of results (e.g. Stratify by age, sex, etc.)
Stroke
Blockage or rupture of a blood vessel to the brain
Subclavian
Under the collarbone
Subcutaneous
Under the skin
Sublingual
Under the tongue
Supportive Care
General medical care aimed at symptoms, not intended to improve or cure underlying disease
Symptomatic
Having symptoms
Syndrome
Set of signs that happen at the same time in the body
Systolic
Top number in blood pressure, pressure during active contraction of the heart

Return to Top

Teratogenic
Capable of causing malformations in fetuses
Testes
Male sex glands
Thorax
The chest
Thrombosis
Clotting
Titration
Slow increase in drug dosage, guided by patient’s responses
T-Lymphocytes
Type of white blood cells
Tolerance
Decrease in response to a fixed dosage of drug; over time, higher and higher doses of a drug are needed to get the desired effect
Topical anesthetic Applied to a certain area of the skin and reducing pain only in that area
Topical application
Giving a medication by putting it directly on the skin
Topical
Surface, skin
Toxicity
Any harmful effect of a drug or poison
Trachea
Windpipe
Tranquilizer
Drug used to control anxiety
Transdermal
Through the skin
Trauma
Injury; wound
Treadmill
Walking machine used to measure heart function

Return to Top

Ultrasound
This scanning device consists of computer and a transducer that is used to scan the body. A transducer is a small hand-held device about the size of a bar of soap that is attached to the scanner by a cord. A lubricating gel is spread on the skin over the area being examined, and then the transducer is pressed firmly against the skin to obtain images.
Uptake
Absorption of a substance by the body through tissue
Urologist
Doctor who treats disorders of the urinary tract of men and women

Return to Top

Valsalva maneuver
Attempting to breathe out with great force but not letting any air escape through your nose or mouth
Valvuloplasty
Repair of a valve, especially a heart valve
Varices
Enlarged veins
Vasospasm
Narrowing of the blood vessel
Vector
A carrier, usually an insect, that carries and transmits microorganisms that cause disease.
Venipuncture
Inserting a needle through the skin and sometimes into a vessel, usually to give a drug or fluids. Also called aneedle stick.

Return to Top

WBC
White blood cell

Return to Top

Measurement Conversions

Unit Metric Equivalent US Equivalent
Cubic Foot (liquid) 28.32 liters 7.48 gallons
Cubic Foot (dry) .028 cu. meters 1,728 cu. inches
Cubic Inch 16.387 cu. centimeters .000578 cu. ft.
Cubic Meter 1,000 liters 1.308 cu. yds.
Cubic Yard .765 cu. meters 27 cu. ft.
Cup 0.24 liters 8 ounces, liquid
Degrees, Celsius (water boils at 100 C, freezes at 0 C) multiply by 1.8 and add 32 to obtain F
Degrees, Fahrenheit subtract 32 and divide by 1.8 to obtain C water boils at 212 F, freezes at 32 F
Fathom 1.83 meters 6 ft.
Foot 30.48 centimeters 12 inches
Gallon, liquid (.S.) 3.79 liters 4 quarts, liquid
Gram 1,000 milligrams .035 ounces, avoir.
Hand 10.16 centimeters 4 inches
Inch 2.54 centimeters .083 ft.
Kilogram .001 tons, metric 2.204 lbs., avoir.
Kilometer 1,000 meters .621 miles, statute
Knot (1 nautical mi/hr) 1.852 kilometers/hour 1.151 statute miles/hour
Liter .001 cu. meters 61.024 cu. inches
Meter 100 centimeters 1.094 yds.
Micron .000001 meter .000039 inches
Mile, statute 1.609 kilometers 5,280 ft. or 8 furlongs
Ounce, avoirdupois 28.35 grams 278.01 millinewtons 437.5 grains
Ounce, liquid (US) 29.57 milliliters .063 pints, liquid
Pint, dry (US) .551 liters .5 quart, dry
Pint, liquid (US) .473 liters .5 quart, liquid
Quart, dry (US) 1.101 liters 2 pints, dry
Quart, liquid (US) .946 liters 2 pints, liquid
Tablespoon 14.787 milliliters 3 teaspoons
Teaspoon 4.929 milliliters .333 tablespoons
Yard .914 meters 3 feet

Return to Top